The visitors had managed only one win in their previous 36 league trips to Chelsea, drawing 11 times and losing 24 matches. Their last success before Saturday came in April 2018, when Mauricio Pochettino's team secured a 3-1 triumph over Antonio Conte's side.
Tottenham's previous league victory at the venue before that had arrived in February 1990, when Terry Venables' men defeated Bobby Campbell's Chelsea 2-1 in Division One.
Spurs broke the deadlock in the 77th minute through a fortunate own goal. Chelsea goalkeeper Mike Penders, making his first league appearance for the club, inadvertently turned the ball into his own net while attempting to clear a corner under pressure from Jan Paul van Hecke. Regular goalkeeper Emi Martinez was unavailable after fracturing his jaw against Everton.
Chelsea's difficult evening deteriorated further when Cole Palmer received his marching orders in the 80th minute.
The England midfielder collected two yellow cards within nine minutes, first for barging into Mateus Fernandes before being dismissed following a late challenge on Conor Gallagher.
Tottenham capitalised on their advantage when French forward Mathys Tel doubled their lead in the 87th minute. Tel produced an impressive solo run from halfway before beating Penders with a low effort from around 25 yards.
Played amid torrential rain, the fiercely contested London derby featured plenty of physicality and tension.
The result lifted Tottenham into 12th place and delivered their second victory in a week, following Monday's 3-1 home success against Coventry City.